The phoneme inventory below shows every sound that functions as a meaningful unit in Dholuo — a Nilotic language spoken in Africa . With 38 phonemes, it has an average-sized inventory compared to the world's languages. Like many languages in its region, Dholuo is tonal — the pitch at which a syllable is spoken changes its meaning. Sounds marked with a dashed border (*) are marginal: they appear only in loanwords or highly specialized contexts and are not part of the core phonological system.
Consonants
affricate
lateral fricative
sibilant fricative
trill
Vowels
Tones
* Marginal phoneme — occurs only in loanwords or rare contexts.
How large is this inventory?
Dholuo has 38 phonemes, placing it in the 56th percentile of languages by inventory size — roughly average for a human language.
Compared to English
For English speakers learning Dholuo, these are the sounds that will require the most focused practice.
In Dholuo, not in English (17)
These sounds don't exist in English — English speakers will need to learn them from scratch.
Most phonologically similar languages
Ranked by Jaccard similarity — the proportion of phonemes shared relative to the combined inventory of both languages.
Compare Dholuo with another language
See which sounds are shared and which are unique.