Only in Urdu 53
What this means for learners
Urdu and Garo share 5 sounds — roughly 9% of Garo's inventory overlaps with Urdu. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 21 sounds found only in Garo represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Urdu speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Urdu has 53 sounds not used in Garo. Native Garo speakers learning Urdu will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.