Only in SEDANG 38
What this means for learners
SEDANG and Javanese share 17 sounds — roughly 31% of Javanese's inventory overlaps with SEDANG. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 16 sounds found only in Javanese represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for SEDANG speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, SEDANG has 38 sounds not used in Javanese. Native Javanese speakers learning SEDANG will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.