Only in SEDANG 36
What this means for learners
SEDANG and Cham share 19 sounds — roughly 35% of Cham's inventory overlaps with SEDANG. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 16 sounds found only in Cham represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for SEDANG speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, SEDANG has 36 sounds not used in Cham. Native Cham speakers learning SEDANG will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.