Only in Santali 34
Only in Makassar 0
No unique sounds
What this means for learners
Santali and Makassar share 23 sounds — roughly 40% of Makassar's inventory overlaps with Santali. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
Conversely, Santali has 34 sounds not used in Makassar. Native Makassar speakers learning Santali will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.