/ˈaɪ.pə/

RUTUL vs SEDANG

Sound inventory comparison

49
Only in RUTUL
15
Shared
40
Only in SEDANG

Only in RUTUL 49

d̪z̪|dz z̪|z d̪|d β̞ b d̠ʒ d̠ʒʷ ʁ ʁʷ ʁʷˤ ʁˤ ɢ ɢʷ ɢʷˤ ɢˤ ɨ e̞ ɣ ɡ ɡʷ t̪s̪ʰ|tsʰ t̪s̪ʷʰ|tsʷʰ t̪s̪ʷʼ|tsʷʼ t̪s̪ʼ|tsʼ s̪ʷ|sʷ t̪ʼ|tʼ pʼ ʔˤ t̠ʃʰ t̠ʃʷʼ t̠ʃʼ ħ χ χʷ χʷˤ χˤ qʰ qʷʰ qʷʼ qʼ qʷˤʰ qʷˤʼ qˤʰ qˤʼ x xʷ kʷʰ kʷʼ kʼ

Shared sounds 15

l̪|l n̪|n r̪|r u m j i a s̪|s t̪ʰ|tʰ pʰ h ʔ ʃ kʰ

Only in SEDANG 40

l̪̥|l̥ n̪̥|n̥ r̪̥|r̥ m̥ j̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l̪̰|l̰ n̪̰|n̰ n̪d̪|nd d̪̰|d̰ r̪̰|r̰ w o ɔ o̰ ṵ ɔ̰ w̰ m̰ mb b̰ ḭ j̰ n̠d̠ʒ ɲ ɲ̰ e ɛ a̰ ḛ ɛ̰ ŋ ŋ̰ ŋɡ t̪|t ʍ p t̠ʃ k

What this means for learners

RUTUL and SEDANG share 15 sounds — roughly 23% of SEDANG's inventory overlaps with RUTUL. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.

The 40 sounds found only in SEDANG represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for RUTUL speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.

Conversely, RUTUL has 49 sounds not used in SEDANG. Native SEDANG speakers learning RUTUL will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.

Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.

Compare with another language

RUTUL vs Lahu RUTUL vs Dafla RUTUL vs Yao RUTUL vs Hakka Chinese RUTUL vs Kharia RUTUL vs Bhumij RUTUL vs Kota RUTUL vs Burushaski RUTUL vs Kabardian RUTUL vs Lak RUTUL vs Ket RUTUL vs Garo