Only in RUTUL 44
What this means for learners
RUTUL and Kabardian share 20 sounds — roughly 31% of Kabardian's inventory overlaps with RUTUL. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 43 sounds found only in Kabardian represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for RUTUL speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, RUTUL has 44 sounds not used in Kabardian. Native Kabardian speakers learning RUTUL will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.