Phonological difficulty for English speakers: Challenging

Cham — Pronunciation for English Speakers

This guide is based on a phoneme-by-phoneme comparison of Cham and English. Cham and English share 14 sounds — about 40% of Cham's inventory. The remaining sounds are where English speakers will need to focus their practice.

19
New sounds to learn
14
Familiar sounds
31
English sounds not used

Cham is tonal — it uses 2 distinct tones. English is not tonal, so this is an entirely new dimension of pronunciation for English speakers. A word spoken with the wrong pitch can mean something entirely different, or nothing at all.

Sounds to learn from scratch (19)

These phonemes exist in Cham but not in English. English speakers will need to learn to produce and perceive them as new categories — not just a variation of an existing English sound.

Familiar sounds (14)

These phonemes exist in both Cham and English. You already produce and perceive them — though they may appear in different positions or syllable structures.

English sounds not used in Cham (31)

These English phonemes don't exist in Cham. Native Cham speakers learning English will face the reverse challenge with these sounds.