/ˈaɪ.pə/

Kadugli (Miri)

Family: Kadugli-Krongo · Africa · ISO xtc · Glottolog
41
Consonants
20
Vowels
2
Tones

The phoneme inventory below shows every sound that functions as a meaningful unit in Kadugli (Miri) — a Kadugli-Krongo language spoken in Africa . With 63 phonemes, it has a relatively large inventory compared to the world's languages. Like many languages in its region, Kadugli (Miri) is tonal — the pitch at which a syllable is spoken changes its meaning. Sounds marked with a dashed border (*) are marginal: they appear only in loanwords or highly specialized contexts and are not part of the core phonological system.

Consonants

approximant

wː ~ w ~ jː ~ j ~

fricative

f ~ fː ~

lateral fricative

l ~ lː ~

nasal

nː ~ n ~ m ~ mː ~ ɲː ~ ɲ ~ ŋ ~ ŋː ~

sibilant fricative

z ~ s ~ zː ~ sː ~

stop

t̪ː ~ t̪ ~ ɗː ~ ɗ ~ ɓ ~ b ~ bː ~ ɓː ~ ʔː ~ ʔ ~ cː ~ ɟː ~ ɟ ~ c ~ ʄ * ʈː ~ ʈ ~ k ~ kː ~

trill

r ~ rː ~

Vowels

oː ~ ʊː ~ o ~ u ~ uː ~ ɔ ~ ɔː ~ ʊ ~ iː ~ i ~ ɪː ~ ɪ ~ ɛː ~ əː ~ ɛ ~ eː ~ a ~ e ~ aː ~ ə ~

Tones

˨ ˦

* Marginal phoneme — occurs only in loanwords or rare contexts.

How large is this inventory?

Smaller (11) Average (36) Larger (141)
63
phonemes

Kadugli (Miri) has 63 phonemes, placing it in the 94th percentile of languages by inventory size — a notably large inventory.

Compared to English

For English speakers learning Kadugli (Miri), these are the sounds that will require the most focused practice.

In Kadugli (Miri), not in English (45)

These sounds don't exist in English — English speakers will need to learn them from scratch.

wː jː fː lː nː mː ɲː ɲ ŋː zː sː t̪ː t̪ ɗː ɗ ɓ bː ɓː ʔː ʔ cː ɟː ɟ c ʄ ʈː ʈ k kː r rː ʊː o u uː ɔ ɔː ɪː ɪ ɛː əː eː a aː ə

In English, not in Kadugli (Miri) (29)

English speakers learning Kadugli (Miri) won't use these sounds — they'll need to suppress them.

h pʰ t̠ʃ d ɡ ʃ ʒ v ts d̠ʒ ɒ ɐ ð θ ɘ ɹ kx ɐː ʉː iə eə oe æe ɑe ɵː æo ɐʉ ɒɯ ʉə
Full phoneme comparison: English vs Kadugli (Miri) →

Most phonologically similar languages

Ranked by Jaccard similarity — the proportion of phonemes shared relative to the combined inventory of both languages.

fulfulde (NGA) 40%
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Kabiyɛ 39%
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Central Khmer 38%
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Lao 38%
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Moore 38%
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Compare Kadugli (Miri) with another language

See which sounds are shared and which are unique.

vs Hakka Chinese vs SEDANG vs Kharia vs Bhumij vs Kota vs Burushaski vs Kabardian vs Lak vs Ket vs Yao