t̠ʃ vs d̠ʒ

Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Affricate vs Voiced Palato-Alveolar Affricate

How these sounds differ

t̠ʃ

Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Affricate

Voicing: voiceless
Place: palato-alveolar
Manner: affricate
Class: consonant
In languages: 227 / 500

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d̠ʒ

Voiced Palato-Alveolar Affricate

Voicing: voiced
Place: palato-alveolar
Manner: affricate
Class: consonant
In languages: 139 / 500

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Cross-linguistic distribution

227

Languages with t̠ʃ

123

Languages with both

139

Languages with d̠ʒ

123 languages in our database contrast both sounds as distinct phonemes. Languages that have one but not the other tend to merge them into a single phoneme — meaning speakers of those languages often struggle to hear the distinction when learning a language that contrasts them.

Has t̠ʃ, not d̠ʒ (20)

Zoque Mixe-Zoque Alabama Muskogean Oneida Iroquoian Dakota Siouan Delaware Algic Ojibwa Algic Nootka Wakashan Squamish Salishan Haida Haida Navaho Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Hupa Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Chasta Costa Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Chipewyan Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Kabardian Abkhaz-Adyge SEDANG Austroasiatic Maranungku Western Daly Washkuk Sepik Asmat Nuclear Trans New Guinea Aleut Eskimo-Aleut Totonac Totonacan

Has d̠ʒ, not t̠ʃ (16)

Angas Afro-Asiatic Bats Nakh-Daghestanian Ga Atlantic-Congo RUTUL Nakh-Daghestanian ACOMA Keresan EYAK Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit ACHUMAWI Palaihnihan XIAMEN Sino-Tibetan BEJA Afro-Asiatic FUR Furan Egyptian Arabic Afro-Asiatic Turkish Turkic Yorouba Atlantic-Congo Zulu Atlantic-Congo Mongolian Mongolic-Khitan Tigre Afro-Asiatic