How these sounds differ
t̠ʃʰ
Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Affricate
- Voicing
- voiceless
- Place
- palato-alveolar
- Manner
- affricate
- Class
- consonant
- In languages
- 53 / 500
d̠ʒ
Voiced Palato-Alveolar Affricate
- Voicing
- voiced
- Place
- palato-alveolar
- Manner
- affricate
- Class
- consonant
- In languages
- 139 / 500
Cross-linguistic distribution
53
Languages with t̠ʃʰ
26
Languages with both
139
Languages with d̠ʒ
26 languages in our database contrast both sounds as distinct phonemes. Languages that have one but not the other tend to merge them into a single phoneme — meaning speakers of those languages often struggle to hear the distinction when learning a language that contrasts them.
Has t̠ʃʰ, not d̠ʒ (20)
TARASCAN
Tarascan
Navaho
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
Wapishana
Arawakan
ARCHI
Nakh-Daghestanian
Mazahua
Otomanguean
LUNGCHOW
Tai-Kadai
Chipewyan
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
Quechua
Quechuan
Mongghul
Mongolic-Khitan
JACALTEC
Mayan
Gilyak
Nivkh
!XU
Kxa
Tunica
Language isolate
Lak
Nakh-Daghestanian
Avar
Nakh-Daghestanian
Zuni
Language isolate
PO-AI
Tai-Kadai
Daur
Mongolic-Khitan
Dakota
Siouan
Haida
Haida
Has d̠ʒ, not t̠ʃʰ (20)
Yakut
Turkic
North Azerbaijani
Turkic
Pashto
Indo-European
Persian
Indo-European
Breton
Indo-European
IRISH
Indo-European
Mahas-Fiyadikka
Nubian
Kanuri
Saharan
Dagbani
Atlantic-Congo
Maltese
Afro-Asiatic
Awiya
Afro-Asiatic
Margi
Afro-Asiatic
Ocaina
Huitotoan
Ticuna
Ticuna-Yuri
Tewa
Kiowa-Tanoan
Salish
Salishan
Iai
Austronesian
Sa'ban
Austronesian
Toba-Batak
Austronesian
Tundra Yukaghir
Yukaghir