How these sounds differ
t̠ʃʼ
Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Affricate
- Voicing
- voiceless
- Place
- palato-alveolar
- Manner
- affricate
- Class
- consonant
- In languages
- 47 / 500
d̠ʒ
Voiced Palato-Alveolar Affricate
- Voicing
- voiced
- Place
- palato-alveolar
- Manner
- affricate
- Class
- consonant
- In languages
- 139 / 500
Cross-linguistic distribution
47
Languages with t̠ʃʼ
15
Languages with both
139
Languages with d̠ʒ
15 languages in our database contrast both sounds as distinct phonemes. Languages that have one but not the other tend to merge them into a single phoneme — meaning speakers of those languages often struggle to hear the distinction when learning a language that contrasts them.
Has t̠ʃʼ, not d̠ʒ (20)
Lak
Nakh-Daghestanian
Avar
Nakh-Daghestanian
Navaho
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
ARCHI
Nakh-Daghestanian
Mazahua
Otomanguean
Chipewyan
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
Squamish
Salishan
Quechua
Quechuan
JACALTEC
Mayan
Itonama
Language isolate
UPPER CHEHALIS
Salishan
Nootka
Wakashan
!XU
Kxa
Kabardian
Abkhaz-Adyge
Zuni
Language isolate
Chontal
Mayan
SHASTA
Shastan
Tzeltal
Mayan
Hupa
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
QUILEUTE
Chimakuan
Has d̠ʒ, not t̠ʃʼ (20)
North Azerbaijani
Turkic
Pashto
Indo-European
Persian
Indo-European
Breton
Indo-European
IRISH
Indo-European
Mahas-Fiyadikka
Nubian
Kanuri
Saharan
Ga
Atlantic-Congo
Dagbani
Atlantic-Congo
Maltese
Afro-Asiatic
Awiya
Afro-Asiatic
Margi
Afro-Asiatic
Angas
Afro-Asiatic
Ocaina
Huitotoan
Ticuna
Ticuna-Yuri
Iai
Austronesian
Sa'ban
Austronesian
Toba-Batak
Austronesian
Lahu
Sino-Tibetan
Yakut
Turkic