/ˈaɪ.pə/

ɟ vs c

Voiced Palato-Alveolar Stop vs Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Stop

How these sounds differ

ɟ
Voiced Palato-Alveolar Stop
Voicing
voiced
Place
palato-alveolar
Manner
stop
Class
consonant
In languages
54 / 500
Full details →
c
Voiceless Palato-Alveolar Stop
Voicing
voiceless
Place
palato-alveolar
Manner
stop
Class
consonant
In languages
62 / 500
Full details →

Cross-linguistic distribution

54
Languages with ɟ
39
Languages with both
62
Languages with c

39 languages in our database contrast both sounds as distinct phonemes. Languages that have one but not the other tend to merge them into a single phoneme — meaning speakers of those languages often struggle to hear the distinction when learning a language that contrasts them.

Has ɟ, not c (15)

NYIMANG Nyimang KANAKURU Afro-Asiatic KOTOKO Afro-Asiatic Kwakiutl Wakashan Angas Afro-Asiatic MABA Maban KLAMATH Language isolate Andoke Language isolate DYIRBAL Pama-Nyungan Kharia Austroasiatic ACOMA Keresan Nganasan Uralic Spanish Indo-European Turkish Turkic Swahili Atlantic-Congo

Has c, not ɟ (20)

Lue Tai-Kadai Kunjen Pama-Nyungan Hakka Chinese Sino-Tibetan DIYARI Pama-Nyungan BELLA COOLA Salishan NYAH KUR Austroasiatic KEWA Nuclear Trans New Guinea Icelandic Indo-European NYANGI Kuliak Cham Austronesian SEBEI Nilotic Yay Tai-Kadai Hupa Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Karen Sino-Tibetan KHMU? Austroasiatic Haida Haida GUGU-YALANDYI Pama-Nyungan GARAWA Garrwan Aymara Aymaran Abipon Guaicuruan