WEST MAKIAN vs Sundanese
Sound inventory comparison
What this means for learners
WEST MAKIAN and Sundanese share 14 sounds — roughly 54% of Sundanese's inventory overlaps with WEST MAKIAN. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 12 sounds found only in Sundanese represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for WEST MAKIAN speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, WEST MAKIAN has 9 sounds not used in Sundanese. Native Sundanese speakers learning WEST MAKIAN will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.