What this means for learners
TIDDIM CHIN and Kota share 15 sounds — roughly 37% of Kota's inventory overlaps with TIDDIM CHIN. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 26 sounds found only in Kota represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for TIDDIM CHIN speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, TIDDIM CHIN has 11 sounds not used in Kota. Native Kota speakers learning TIDDIM CHIN will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.