What this means for learners
TETUN and Hiligaynon share 11 sounds — roughly 44% of Hiligaynon's inventory overlaps with TETUN. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 14 sounds found only in Hiligaynon represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for TETUN speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, TETUN has 8 sounds not used in Hiligaynon. Native Hiligaynon speakers learning TETUN will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.