What this means for learners
Telefol and Maranungku share 11 sounds — roughly 41% of Maranungku's inventory overlaps with Telefol. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 13 sounds found only in Maranungku represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Telefol speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Telefol has 16 sounds not used in Maranungku. Native Maranungku speakers learning Telefol will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.