What this means for learners
Tatar and Uyghur share 23 sounds — roughly 53% of Uyghur's inventory overlaps with Tatar. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 20 sounds found only in Uyghur represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Tatar speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Tatar has 20 sounds not used in Uyghur. Native Uyghur speakers learning Tatar will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.