What this means for learners
Sa'ban and Lahu share 20 sounds — roughly 43% of Lahu's inventory overlaps with Sa'ban. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 26 sounds found only in Lahu represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Sa'ban speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Sa'ban has 26 sounds not used in Lahu. Native Lahu speakers learning Sa'ban will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.