Shared sounds 34
What this means for learners
Oriya and Kumauni share 34 sounds — roughly 79% of Kumauni's inventory overlaps with Oriya. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 8 sounds found only in Kumauni represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Oriya speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Oriya has 9 sounds not used in Kumauni. Native Kumauni speakers learning Oriya will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.