What this means for learners
Koya and Lak share 15 sounds — roughly 22% of Lak's inventory overlaps with Koya. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 54 sounds found only in Lak represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Koya speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Koya has 16 sounds not used in Lak. Native Lak speakers learning Koya will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.