Shared sounds 40
What this means for learners
Konkani and Kannada share 40 sounds — roughly 85% of Kannada's inventory overlaps with Konkani. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 7 sounds found only in Kannada represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Konkani speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Konkani has 5 sounds not used in Kannada. Native Kannada speakers learning Konkani will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.