Only in Kannada 33
What this means for learners
Kannada and Garo share 14 sounds — roughly 30% of Garo's inventory overlaps with Kannada. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 12 sounds found only in Garo represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Kannada speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Kannada has 33 sounds not used in Garo. Native Garo speakers learning Kannada will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.