What this means for learners
Gheg Albanian and Nupe share 26 sounds — roughly 60% of Nupe's inventory overlaps with Gheg Albanian. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 12 sounds found only in Nupe represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Gheg Albanian speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Gheg Albanian has 17 sounds not used in Nupe. Native Nupe speakers learning Gheg Albanian will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.