Only in GELAO 26
What this means for learners
GELAO and SEDANG share 17 sounds — roughly 31% of SEDANG's inventory overlaps with GELAO. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 38 sounds found only in SEDANG represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for GELAO speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, GELAO has 26 sounds not used in SEDANG. Native SEDANG speakers learning GELAO will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.