/ˈaɪ.pə/

fulfulde (NGA) vs SEDANG

Sound inventory comparison

41
Only in fulfulde (NGA)
16
Shared
39
Only in SEDANG

Only in fulfulde (NGA) 41

l lː n nː d dː nd ɗ ɗː ndː r rː oː uː ʊ mː b bː ɓ ɓː mbː iː ɪ d̠ʒ d̠ʒː ɲː ɑː eː ŋː ɡ ɡː ŋɡː s t tː pː ʔʲ ʔʲː f t̠ʃː kː

Shared sounds 16

w ɔ m mb j n̠d̠ʒ ɲ a ɛ ŋ ŋɡ p h ʔ t̠ʃ k

Only in SEDANG 39

l̪̥|l̥ n̪̥|n̥ r̪̥|r̥ m̥ j̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ l̪|l l̪̰|l̰ n̪|n n̪̰|n̰ n̪d̪|nd d̪̰|d̰ r̪|r r̪̰|r̰ o u o̰ ṵ ɔ̰ w̰ m̰ b̰ i ḭ j̰ ɲ̰ e a̰ ḛ ɛ̰ ŋ̰ s̪|s t̪ʰ|tʰ t̪|t ʍ pʰ ʃ kʰ

What this means for learners

fulfulde (NGA) and SEDANG share 16 sounds — roughly 28% of SEDANG's inventory overlaps with fulfulde (NGA). Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.

The 39 sounds found only in SEDANG represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for fulfulde (NGA) speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.

Conversely, fulfulde (NGA) has 41 sounds not used in SEDANG. Native SEDANG speakers learning fulfulde (NGA) will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.

Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.

Compare with another language

fulfulde (NGA) vs Lahu fulfulde (NGA) vs Dafla fulfulde (NGA) vs Yao fulfulde (NGA) vs Hakka Chinese fulfulde (NGA) vs Kharia fulfulde (NGA) vs Bhumij fulfulde (NGA) vs Kota fulfulde (NGA) vs Burushaski fulfulde (NGA) vs Kabardian fulfulde (NGA) vs Lak fulfulde (NGA) vs Ket fulfulde (NGA) vs Garo