Only in Bemba 1
What this means for learners
Bemba and Kimeru share 24 sounds — roughly 89% of Kimeru's inventory overlaps with Bemba. Shared sounds are ones a speaker already knows from their native language and will generally produce and perceive accurately without explicit training.
The 3 sounds found only in Kimeru represent the greatest pronunciation challenge for Bemba speakers. The adult brain tends to map unfamiliar sounds onto the closest native equivalent — a process that produces the characteristic "accent" of a second-language speaker. Learning to hear and produce these sounds as distinct requires focused ear training, not just repetition.
Conversely, Bemba has 1 sound not used in Kimeru. Native Kimeru speakers learning Bemba will face the mirror-image challenge with these sounds.
Phoneme inventories from PHOIBLE. Data reflects one documented inventory per language; some variation exists across dialects and sources.